|
Edward R. Annis (March 27, 1913 – September 14, 2009) was a Florida surgeon who served as president of the American Medical Association and as president of the World Medical Association. He was one of the most foremost critics of the United States Medicare program. == Biography == Annis was born on March 27, 1913 in Detroit, Michigan. He graduated from Annunciation High School and the University of Michigan. In 1938, he received his Doctorate of Medicine from Marquette University School of Medicine and was a member of Phi Chi Medical Fraternity. He completed his surgical residency at Cook County Graduate School of Surgery. He moved to Florida, practicing medicine in Tallahassee. In 1953, he became chief of surgery at Mercy Hospital in Miami. Annis demonstrated talent as a public speaker while in high school and college, and became a member of the AMA's speaker's bureau in December 1959. As such, he traveled throughout the United States making speeches on the AMA's behalf. From January 1961 to June 1962, Annis made a series of speeches against the King Anderson bill, which would authorize the use of Social Security taxes to pay for health care benefits for retirees. He debated Democratic Senator Hubert Humphrey and the president of the U.A.W. on television. After President Kennedy gave a speech on May 20, 1962, at Madison Square Gardens describing the bill's benefits, Annis was refused equal time in which to counter the President's arguments. The President explained the bill's intent. "...we say that during his working years, he shall contribute to Social Security as he has in the case of his retirement, $12 or $13 a month. When he becomes ill, or she becomes ill over a long period of time. he pays $90 so that people will not abuse it, but then lets say that he has a bill of $1,500...of which $1000 is hospital bills. This bill will pay that $1000 in hospital bills and then I believe, he and the effort he makes with his family can meet his other responsibilities. Now that does not seem such an extraordinary piece of legislation." ... "they (the doctors) do not comprehend what we are trying to do." .... "we do not cover doctor's bills here"..."we do not affect the freedom of choice, you can go to any doctor you want." The AMA then rented the Gardens and prime time television so that Annis and Leonard Larson, then the president of the AMA, could argue against passage.〔(AMA - 1961 to 1979 )〕 The AMA's efforts resulted in the King-Anderson Bill dying in committee in 1962 and 1963. Dr. Edward Annis eloquently predicted: "The King-Anderson Bill is a cruel hoax and illusion. It wastefully covers millions who do not need it, heartlessly ignores millions who do need coverage. It is not true insurance. It will create an enormous and unpredictable burden on every working taxpayer. It offers sharply limited benefits. It will lower the quality and availability of hospital services throughout our country." " IT WILL STAND BETWEEN THE PATIENT AND HIS DOCTOR." Dr. Annis held up the bill that he had actually read, and discovered cost-plus financing buried deep in the small type. He warned that cost-plus financing of Medicare would doom it to bankruptcy and trigger destruction of the doctor-patient relationship. "This bill would put the government smack into your hospital, defining services, setting standards, establishing committees, calling for reports, deciding who gets in and who gets out, what they get and what they do not get, even getting into the teaching of medicine." Buoyed by his popularity from the anti-Medicare campaign, Annis successfully ran for the AMA presidency in June 1962, taking office in June 1963. While AMA president, he intensified the AMA's resistance to Medicare. In early 1964, after the release of the first Surgeon General report linking cigarettes to cancer, Annis stated that the AMA was not against smoking tobacco products. However, he argued against the placing the Surgeon General's health warning on cigarette packs and in advertisements, saying public awareness of the dangers obviated the need. He also warned of the damage to the economy that would result from decreased consumption of tobacco products. Though the AMA denied this, critics decried the AMA's position on cigarette smoking as a ''quid pro quo'' in which Congressmen from tobacco states would vote against King-Anderson. Annis' term expired in June 1964. Dr. Annis predicted that the cost-plus financing of Medicare would doom it to bankruptcy and trigger destruction of the doctor-patient relationship. "This bill would put the government smack into your hospital, defining services, setting standards, establishing committees, calling for reports, deciding who gets in and who gets out, what they get and what they do not get, even getting into the teaching of medicine." "And it will serve as a forerunner of a different system of medicine for all Americans." (socialized medicine)〔 He predicted that "socialized medicine" would have consequences for American healthcare including loss of physician autonomy to bureaucratic control and the imposition of government regulation into the patient-physician relationship. He authored the partly autobiographical, ''Code Blue: Health Care In Crisis'' (ISBN 089526515X) in which he reprises his analysis of Medicare's effects, laying most of what he felt is wrong with American health care at the feet of what he viewed as socialist changes without mention of its benefits. He saw the solution as ending the current third party payer system, eliminating state-mandated insurance, and tort reform.〔(of the American Medical Association''. July 6, 1994. Vol 272, No. 1, pp.74-75. 1994. American Medical Association. )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Edward R. Annis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|